宙45.67亿年前 — 40.31亿年前1
冥古宙
地球和月球的诞生
宙40.31亿年前 — 25亿年前1
太古宙
最早的岩石与最早的生命
宙25亿年前 — 5.388亿年前1
元古宙
氧气、铁与冰
纪5.388亿年前 — 4.869亿年前1
寒武纪
海洋生命大爆发
纪4.869亿年前 — 4.431亿年前1
奥陶纪
海洋生机勃勃,植物登上陆地
纪4.431亿年前 — 4.196亿年前1
志留纪
最早的维管植物和有颌鱼类
纪4.196亿年前 — 3.589亿年前1
泥盆纪
鱼类时代与最早的森林
纪3.589亿年前 — 2.989亿年前1
石炭纪
变成煤炭的森林
纪2.989亿年前 — 2.519亿年前1
二叠纪
盘古大陆与大灭绝
纪2.519亿年前 — 2.014亿年前1
三叠纪
最早的恐龙和哺乳动物
纪2.014亿年前 — 1.431亿年前1
侏罗纪
巨兽时代
纪1.431亿年前 — 6600万年前1
白垩纪
花朵、白垩与小行星
纪6600万年前 — 2304万年前1
古近纪
哺乳动物时代
- 恐龙灭绝后,有胎盘哺乳动物迅速多样化。 67
- 约5900万年前,印度开始与亚洲碰撞;到5600万年前,喜马拉雅山已在隆升。 66
- 早始新世(5600万至4800万年前)比现在温暖得多;南极洲的永久冰盖约在3400万年前出现。 6869
纪2304万年前 — 258万年前1
新近纪
草原与最早的人类祖先
纪258万年前 — 今天1
第四纪
冰河时代与人类
展厅里的时光漫步
我们展厅的展品,从最古老到最年轻。在展厅里找到每一件并打勾。你已用相机识别过的会自动打勾。
- 已用相机识别45.67亿年前
- 已用相机识别45.67亿年前
- 已用相机识别27亿年前
- 已用相机识别5.25亿年前
- 已用相机识别4.7亿年前
- 已用相机识别4.1亿年前
- 已用相机识别3.96亿年前
- 已用相机识别3.5亿年前
- 已用相机识别3.3亿年前
- 已用相机识别3.1亿年前
- 已用相机识别3亿年前
- 已用相机识别2.79亿年前
- 已用相机识别2亿年前
- 已用相机识别1.75亿年前
- 已用相机识别7500万年前
- 已用相机识别1000万年前
- 已用相机识别5万年前
- 已用相机识别6000年前
你走完了全程——从展厅里最古老的展品到地球的昨天。
哪个更早?
两个事件——点击更早发生的那个。共八轮。
资料来源
各时代的名称、界线和颜色来自国际年代地层表(ICS)。本页每条陈述都标有来源编号。“据标签”指展品标签上博物馆自己的说明。
- International Commission on Stratigraphy. International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2026/06, CC BY 4.0. Cohen K. et al. 2025. Episodes 48:105
- Wilde S.A. et al. 2001. Evidence from detrital zircons for the existence of continental crust and oceans on the Earth 4.4 Gyr ago. Nature 409:175
- Natural History Museum, London. Meteorites: windows into our solar system’s beginnings
- Connelly J.N. et al. 2012. The Absolute Chronology and Thermal Processing of Solids in the Solar Protoplanetary Disk. Science 338:651
- Canup R.M., Asphaug 2001. Origin of the Moon in a giant impact near the end of the Earth’s formation. Nature 412:708
- NASA Science. Moon Formation
- Allwood A.C. et al. 2006. Stromatolite reef from the Early Archaean era of Australia. Nature 441:714
- Djokic T. et al. 2017. Earliest signs of life on land preserved in ca. 3.5 Ga hot spring deposits. Nat Commun 8:15263
- Bowring S.A., Williams 1999. Priscoan (4.00-4.03 Ga) orthogneisses from northwestern Canada. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 134:3
- Gumsley A.P. et al. 2017. Timing and tempo of the Great Oxidation Event. PNAS 114:1811
- CSIRO 2024. Banded iron formations: oceans, algae and iron oxide
- Hoffman P.F. et al. 2017. Snowball Earth climate dynamics and Cryogenian geology-geobiology. Sci. Adv. 3:e1600983
- Matthews J.J. et al. 2021. A Chronostratigraphic Framework for the Rise of the Ediacaran Macrobiota: New Constraints from Mistaken Point Ecological Reserve, Newfoundland. GSA Bulletin 133:612
- Encyclopaedia Britannica. Banded-iron formation (BIF)
- Encyclopaedia Britannica. Cambrian explosion
- Paterson J.R. et al. 2019. Trilobite evolutionary rates constrain the duration of the Cambrian explosion. PNAS 116:4394
- Encyclopaedia Britannica. Trilobite
- Кулешов В.Н. и др. 2020. Изотопный состав (δ13C, δ18O) и генезис карбонатов фосфоритовых месторождений Малого Каратау (Казахстан). Литология и полезные ископаемые, № 2:131
- Servais T. et al. 2009. Understanding the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event (GOBE): Influences of paleogeography, paleoclimate, or paleoecology. GSA Today 19:4
- Rubinstein C.V. et al. 2010. Early Middle Ordovician evidence for land plants in Argentina (eastern Gondwana). New Phytologist 188:365
- Hansen T., Nielsen 2003. Upper Arenig trilobite biostratigraphy and sea-level changes at Lynna River near Volkhov, Russia. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark 50:105
- Bergström S.M., Löfgren 2008. The base of the global Dapingian Stage (Ordovician) in Baltoscandia: conodonts, graptolites and unconformities. Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 99:189
- Raup D.M., Sepkoski 1982. Mass Extinctions in the Marine Fossil Record. Science 215:1501
- Sheehan P.M. 2001. The Late Ordovician Mass Extinction. Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 29:331
- Edwards D., Feehan 1980. Records of Cooksonia-type sporangia from late Wenlock strata in Ireland. Nature 287:41
- Zhu Y.a. et al. 2022. The oldest complete jawed vertebrates from the early Silurian of China. Nature 609:954
- Daeschler E.B. et al. 2006. A Devonian tetrapod-like fish and the evolution of the tetrapod body plan. Nature 440:757
- Nature News, 5 April 2006. Fossil fish sheds light on the transition to land
- Encyclopaedia Britannica. Devonian Period
- Davies N.S. et al. 2024. Earth’s earliest forest: fossilized trees and vegetation-induced sedimentary structures from the Middle Devonian (Eifelian) Hangman Sandstone Formation, Somerset and Devon, SW England. Journal of the Geological Society 181:jgs2023-204
- Weber L.J. et al. 2003. Stratigraphy, Lithofacies, and Reservoir Distribution, Tengiz Field, Kazakhstan. SEPM Special Publication 78 (Permo-Carboniferous Carbonate Platforms and Reefs):351
- The Paleobiology Database. Hollardops: occurrences (after Chatterton et al. 2006)
- Percival L.M.E. et al. 2018. Precisely dating the Frasnian–Famennian boundary: implications for the cause of the Late Devonian mass extinction. Sci Rep 8:9578
- Nel A. et al. 2018. Palaeozoic giant dragonflies were hawker predators. Sci Rep 8:12141
- University of California Museum of Paleontology. Life of the Carboniferous
- Mann A. et al. 2019. Carbonodraco lundi gen. et sp. nov., the oldest parareptile, from Linton, Ohio, and new insights into the early radiation of reptiles. R. Soc. open sci. 6:191191
- Горная энциклопедия (М.: Советская энциклопедия, 1984–1991). Карагандинский угольный бассейн
- Горная энциклопедия. Экибастузский угольный бассейн
- Box S.E. et al. 2012. Dzhezkazgan and associated sandstone copper deposits of the Chu-Sarysu basin, central Kazakhstan. USGS Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5090-E
- Burgess S.D., Bowring 2015. High-precision geochronology confirms voluminous magmatism before, during, and after Earth’s most severe extinction. Sci. Adv. 1:e1500470
- Stanley S.M. 2016. Estimates of the magnitudes of major marine mass extinctions in earth history. PNAS 113:E6325
- University of California Museum of Paleontology. The Permian Period
- Большая советская энциклопедия. Пермская система
- Роснедра. 85 лет со дня открытия Верхнекамского месторождения солей
- Akhmetzhanov A. et al. 2020. Post-salt trapping mechanism of south-east Pre-Caspian and its application to petroleum exploration. J Petrol Explor Prod Technol 10:2645
- Burgess S.D. et al. 2014. High-precision timeline for Earth’s most severe extinction. PNAS 111:3316
- Martinez R.N. et al. 2011. A Basal Dinosaur from the Dawn of the Dinosaur Era in Southwestern Pangaea. Science 331:206
- Lucas S.G., Luo 1993. Adelobasileus from the Upper Triassic of West Texas: the oldest mammal. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 13:309
- Blackburn T.J. et al. 2013. Zircon U-Pb Geochronology Links the End-Triassic Extinction with the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province. Science 340:941
- Labails C. et al. 2010. An alternative early opening scenario for the Central Atlantic Ocean. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 297:355
- University of California Museum of Paleontology. The Jurassic Period
- Natural History Museum, London. Dino Directory: Archaeopteryx
- Averianov A. et al. 2015. The paleoenvironments of azhdarchid pterosaurs localities in the Late Cretaceous of Kazakhstan. ZooKeys 483:59
- Unwin D.M., Bakhurina 1994. Sordes pilosus and the nature of the pterosaur flight apparatus. Nature 371:62
- Горная энциклопедия. Шубаркольское месторождение
- Encyclopaedia Britannica. Ammonoid
- Encyclopaedia Britannica. Belemnoid
- Schulte P. et al. 2010. The Chicxulub Asteroid Impact and Mass Extinction at the Cretaceous-Paleogene Boundary. Science 327:1214
- Renne P.R. et al. 2013. Time Scales of Critical Events Around the Cretaceous-Paleogene Boundary. Science 339:684
- Herendeen P.S. et al. 2017. Palaeobotanical redux: revisiting the age of the angiosperms. Nature Plants 3:17015
- Coiro M. et al. 2019. How deep is the conflict between molecular and fossil evidence on the age of angiosperms? New Phytologist 223:83
- Surlyk F., Johansen 1984. End-Cretaceous Brachiopod Extinctions in the Chalk of Denmark. Science 223:1174
- Encyclopaedia Britannica. Chalk
- The Paleobiology Database. Aralosaurus tuberiferus Rozhdestvensky 1968: occurrences
- Norell M.A. et al. 1995. A nesting dinosaur. Nature 378:774
- Hu X. et al. 2016. The timing of India-Asia collision onset – Facts, theories, controversies. Earth-Science Reviews 160:264
- O’Leary M.A. et al. 2013. The Placental Mammal Ancestor and the Post–K-Pg Radiation of Placentals. Science 339:662
- Hollis C.J. et al. 2019. The DeepMIP contribution to PMIP4: methodologies for selection, compilation and analysis of latest Paleocene and early Eocene climate proxy data, incorporating version 0.1 of the DeepMIP database. Geosci. Model Dev. 12:3149
- Coxall H.K. et al. 2005. Rapid stepwise onset of Antarctic glaciation and deeper calcite compensation in the Pacific Ocean. Nature 433:53
- Deng T. et al. 2021. An Oligocene giant rhino provides insights into Paraceratherium evolution. Commun Biol 4:639
- Brunet M. et al. 2002. A new hominid from the Upper Miocene of Chad, Central Africa. Nature 418:145
- Lebatard A.E. et al. 2008. Cosmogenic nuclide dating of Sahelanthropus tchadensis and Australopithecus bahrelghazali: Mio-Pliocene hominids from Chad. PNAS 105:3226
- Edwards E.J. et al. 2010. The origins of C4 grasslands: integrating evolutionary and ecosystem science. Science 328:587
- Boessenecker R.W. et al. 2019. The Early Pliocene extinction of the mega-toothed shark Otodus megalodon: a view from the eastern North Pacific. PeerJ 7:e6088
- Hublin J.J. et al. 2017. New fossils from Jebel Irhoud, Morocco and the pan-African origin of Homo sapiens. Nature 546:289
- University of California Museum of Paleontology. The Pleistocene Epoch
- Vartanyan S.L. et al. 1993. Holocene dwarf mammoths from Wrangel Island in the Siberian Arctic. Nature 362:337
- Astana Venue Management. Астана Байтерек: технические данные






















